Greenville Raider Spirit

Greenville High Spirit Over the Years: Historical and Informational
Studies of Greenville High Traditions

Cultural Comparisons and Contrasts
Over the Decades at Greenville High School

A Senior Project by April

Introduction

This project addresses the cultural and societal issues and activities experienced by Greenville High School students over the decades, from the 1930s to the 1980s. I used primary source documentation through surveys and interviews to gather information about the social aspects of each decade. This project is a compilation of the activities, events, traditions, and attitudes of students at Greenville High School. The alumni association and the archive library provided me with many sources of information, including archived yearbooks and newspapers. This project provides a societal history of the Greenville High School traditions and attitudes during the many years of Greenville High School’s existence.

Greenville High School has undergone many changes across these various decades. Greenville High in the 1930s still occupied the old building, which was much smaller than the present building. Students moved into the present building in 1937. In the 1940s, the students were overcome with the effects before and after World War II. Many school functions functioned around the happenings of the war. The 1950s dealt with the aftermath of the war and the new "consumer society" that developed as a result. The 1960s brought about events, such as Woodstock, that were very impressionistic to students, focusing on the "peace" of the United States. Rock ‘n Roll also played an important role in the sixties. In the 1970s, Greenville High was swept away by the Watergate scandals of Nixon. Integration also caused a disturbance in Greenville High lifestyles. The 1980s brought about "punk" music and a new contemporary style for Greenville High students. School rules were less extravagant and many new styles were permitted. Over the decades from the 1930s to the 1980s, many styles and traditions have changed, while others have remained the same. Clothing and music have changed across the decades, but Greenville High traditions and morals have

The 1930’s

The thirties were a decade that opened in depression and ended with war. In the years before, the United States had been quite prosperous because of the people that spent all their spare money on stocks and shares. In 1929, however, the Western world slipped into a period of depression. This was caused by excess in agricultural products, which led to falling prices. Large businesses collapsed, increasing the unemployment rates. By 1932, 14 million people were out of work in the United States. In 1933, Franklin Delano Roosevelt took the presidential oath, promising that the United States would once again prosper. His plan to revive the falling economy was called the New Deal. Roosevelt accomplished many things. He led the United States out of a state of depression by rescuing the banks, bringing about the repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment, helping mortgaged farmers, giving a federal payroll of $500 million to get the unemployed back in the workplace, and even generating cheap electrical power for the people of the Tennessee Valley. By the end of the 1930’s, the United States had taken an isolationist viewpoint towards the struggle in Eastern world countries. Hitler had begun the Nazi Party in Germany, believing that Germany was the rightful ruler of Central and Eastern Europe. Hitler sought to keep the "purity" of the Germans and adopted a policy of anti-Semitism, bringing about the persecution of Jews. The United States was anti-Nazi and had no desire to help Germany in its expansion. When war broke out overseas, the United States still wished to be isolated. The United States finally decided to enter into the war for prosperity, the main goal being to take over Germany. Farm production and labor increased at the end of the 1930’s, closing out the decade (Costantino, p. 5-59).

Incidents across the nation influenced those students at Greenville High also. Most girls of the time period wore three quarter length skirts and dresses. A scarf was a main accessory for high school girls. The normal shoes were flat and could be laced up. Not until the latter years did the sandal come into play. A Greenville High News ad on October 15, 1937, stated, "All you fashion-conscious lassies who care about your appearance must surely have already been shopping at Vanity’s," a local shoe store. It was inappropriate for girls to wear pants or shorts to school. Men normally wore sports shirts and nice slacks with a belt. Mostly all high school boys wore neckties to school. Girls’ hair was ordinarily short and parted on the side. Every girl either wanted curly or wavy hair. The Greenville High News stated on February 18, 1938, "The nefarious art of primping is practiced in class, at lunch, in the halls, in hundreds of places and at hundreds of other times. One is never safe from flying combs and other weapons of feminine makeup." The main makeup that was worn by high school girls, however, was red lipstick. Boys also wore their hair parted on the side, normally short and either wavy or straight (Lowery, Frances).

According to Greenville High graduate of 1937, Frances Lowery, the main dating customs were "double dates to the picture show" or dances held at the church or "social halls." There was not much serious dating where boys and girls were paired off. After school let out at 2:30, most students went to the ice cream parlors or to each other’s houses. On weekends, girls had sleepovers or went to dances at the Gallivan Hall. Most students attended the school functions, such as ball games. Boys had a harder time coming to these events, however, because they had after school jobs. The Greenville-Parker football game was the highlight of the school year and most students attended (Lowery, Frances). A poll was taken by the Greenville High News on December 17, 1937, that stated "although the occupation of housewife was not recorded in our recent tabulation, it is not only a great ambition but a studied one with numbers of G.H.S. girls," which came as a surprise due to women’s increasing interest in the workforce.

The main music of the thirties was "big band." This was considered dancing music. Most students knew the Waltz, the Jitterbug, or the Charleston (Lowery, Frances). After the first talking movie The Jazz Singer in 1927, the United States raved for more like it. Disney’s character Mickey Mouse and Snow White were very successful and received excellent reviews. Silent movies were also enjoyed, with stars such as Greta Garbo, Gary Cooper, Janet Gaynor, and Joan Crawford (Costantino, p. 12-13).

The 1940’s

The months of uncertainty before the war were finally over, and the war had begun. Europe was covered with fighting. Hitler’s army had invaded Poland, and two days later, the British and French governments declared war on Germany. The United States entered the war after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. By this time, Germany had taken control of Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium, France, Yugoslavia, and Greece. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States had to observe "black out" rules, where streetlights were switched off and everyone was to conceal house lights to keep away enemy bombers. Factory production increased greatly because of the need of weapons and clothing for fighters. Factories had to change from consumer goods to war goods to meet these needs. Several actions were taken towards rationing in the United States, such as restrictions on food, petroleum, and even materials for clothing. During this time of battle, many women were forced to join the workforce, working as seamstresses and in various other factory positions. The end of the war did not bring complete peace. Finding jobs for the released military workers became a large priority. Suddenly, there was no longer any need for the women workers. Rationing and restrictions, however, were quickly lifted and the United States once again began its domestic production, enjoying its prosperity from war. At about this time, the Cold War began. This was considered the "silent war" between the United States and the Soviet Union, which caused a tension throughout the United States. The 1940’s ended on this note (Baker, p. 5-59).

Most high school girls of the 1940’s wore clothes similar to those worn in the thirties. Teenagers wore bobby sox, pleated skirts, sweaters, round collars, and normally tied back hair. Penny loafers were also common. Slacks were not permitted in school. Normally, girls had shoulder length hair that was curled on the ends and looked very neat. Bangs were hardly ever seen. Boys also appeared well-groomed. They dressed in slacks and nice sweaters or shirts. Their hair was normally neat and short. Greenville High graduate of 1945, Betty Dubose says, "For the Nautilus senior picture, all boys wore coats or sweaters with ties."

Throughout the 1940’s, there were a lot of couples seen out on "double dates." Most students would attend school functions, such as the ballgames. Graduate of 1943, William Orders, says that many students went to prom parties at people’s homes for dates. At this time, most students also went to the drive-in movies or to the bowling alley on weekends. After school, many teenagers went to Campbell’s Pharmacy

on Augusta Road. Others went to Caesars Head for square dancing or to Paris Mountain State Park to spend time with their friends. Most students didn’t own cars. Therefore, as William Orders says most students rode bicycles to school.

World War II had a great impact on Greenville High students. William Orders says that his class was absorbed by the war, and students were constantly discussing when they would go into the service. There were various committees at school formed to aid in war relief, such as Red Cross, Salvage Committee, Defense Stamps, and Article for Soldiers. Betty Dubose also remembers the effects of World War II on Greenville High. She states, "I remember very well when it ended. We walked to town to celebrate."

There was no drastic change in the type of popular music that the students listened to. Some favorites of the "big band" era were "I Don’t Want to Set the World on Fire," "Moonlight Becomes You," "Just the Way You Look Tonight," and "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" (Dubose, Betty). Hollywood began to skyrocket with new movies. One of William Orders’s favorite movies was Gone With the Wind because "it had a bad word ‘damn’". Other famous movies of the time period were From Here to Eternity, For Me and My Gal, The Bells of St. Mary’s, and High Noon (Dubose, Betty).

The 1950’s

The 1950’s started out like any other decade. The political and economic scenes of the United States remained the same. Dwight Eisenhower was elected as president after he became the World War II hero. Throughout this decade, Americans looked back to the alliances and achievements of World War II as the only solidity they had in a world full of turmoil caused by the East-West tension. Americans greatly feared the possibility of nuclear war. This tension caused a conservative mood, which dominated the early years of the 1950’s, even considering American prosperity. After the war, restrictions were quickly lifted and a "consumer society" developed across the United States, which was illustrated by the development of the credit card in 1950. Even though the war was over in the United States, the American government were still concerned with Communist influence in Asia and within the United States. As the decade continued, racial unrest became widespread. The United States did not know how to deal with this newfound turmoil. The government tended to be hesitant. Therefore, select groups of citizens began to take matters into their own hands, which began the Civil Rights movement in the United States. Women were often discriminated against also. After the war, women were expected to return to the kitchen. Women, however, did not plan to follow this view, foreshadowing the feminist movement of the 1960’s (Baker, p. 5-56).

During the 1950’s, teenagers were expected to dress like their elders. Very few clothing outlets paid attention to them, focusing on the older generation. Therefore, girls wore full skirts and petticoats. High school students also wore sweaters and pedal pushers, also known as capri pants, reaching to the calf. Blue jeans were also popular and were known as "dungarees". However, blue jeans and shorts were not appropriate at school. For special occasions, young women were seen in the well known "poodle skirts" with a tight-fitting shirt tucked into the waistband (Baker, p. 12). Boys were expected to wear a shirt, tie, and ironed pants. Doc Morgan, a Greenville High graduate of 1952 said that guys normally wore a "duck tail" or "flat top" hair cut. The rebels of the time period were easy to identify. They wore darker colors, rougher in texture, that were never pressed (Baker, p. 12).

At Greenville High School, the main dating customs were double dating. Teenagers normally went on dates every Friday night. Normally, people had different dates every weekend, unless they were "going steady," or had a serious boyfriend/girlfriend. Football games and the drive-in movie theaters were common places to see couples. Most high school students had a curfew between 11:00 p.m. and 12:00 a.m. After school, most students went to Campbell’s Pharmacy or the Soda Shop on Cleveland Street to spend time with their friends. The most commonly attended school functions were sports events, such as football games, basketball games, or tennis matches (Morgan, Doc).

The music of the 1950’s mainly centered around jazz. Some of the prominent jazz artists were Anita O’Day, Dinah Washington, Louis Armstrong, and Chuck Berry. Art Blakely’s Jazz Messengers emphasized the beat of the "bop style" and later came up with the "hard-bop," which was used as dancing music. According to the Greenville High News on September 17, 1954, "The virtually new Crew Cuts have made quite a name for themselves by introducing the number one tune in the nation, ‘Sh-Boom,’" which opened the doors to this new type of music. As for movies, westerns were quite popular throughout the fifties. The guys liked movies, such as Shane, which were filled with more action (Morgan, Doc). Girls, however, enjoyed the movie Calamity Jane, in which Doris Day shed her masculine clothing for a more feminine style. Films took on a new outlook, where actresses such as Elizabeth Taylor, Jayne Mansfield, or Marilyn Monroe began to show more cleavage and show their femininity (Baker, p. 48-49). "I Love Lucy" was also a well-watched comedy on television, where Lucille Ball depicted the Hollywood evening wear of the period (Baker, p. 55).

The 1960’s

The 1960’s arose, fulfilling dreams of the youth. Youth culture and fashion developed as never seen before in the United States. Western teenagers were benefiting from the postwar prosperity called the industrial boom. The extra cash enabled the young people to have more freedom, including freedom of imagination. The sixties began in a very different mood than the fifties. The atmosphere of the 1950’s lingered until the explosion of energy in 1963. The Cold War reached its peak in 1962 when Presidents Kennedy and Khrushchev clashed over the placement of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba. The Cuban Missile Crisis ended when Khrushchev decided to back down and remove Soviet missiles. While many women were beginning to drift back into the home, the social atmosphere of the sixties led women to believe that anything was possible- even the equality of men and women. The availability of contraceptives allowed women to gain control over their sexual relationships. By the end of the decade, women had made small progress in their representation in politics, business, and profession. The sixties most profound idea was one of peace and harmony, basically an antiwar plea. The world however seemed as violent as ever. Wars raged in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Russia, and in the Indian subcontinent. The United States lacked peace also. Assassinations were prominent in the headlines, including the deaths of John F. Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Criminal activity became a serious problem in major cities. Peace was not seen on the wider spectrum either. The Vietnam War caused great turmoil in the United States. By the end of the decade, however, the United States was beginning to pull out of Vietnam, in attempts to gain the longed for peace of the United States (Connikie, p. 5-59).

The fashions of the sixties didn’t vary greatly from those of the 1950’s until later in the decade. Most teenage girls still wore clothes similar to those of their mothers. Many, however, wished to look like Doris Day. Doris Day managed to combine a simple "girl-next-door" appearance with the glamour of a movie star (Connikie, p. 29). Most high school girls wore A line skirts, "villager clothes," loafers or "weejuns", and Peter Pan collar blouses (Lowery, Day). Rosalind Tedwards, a Greenville High graduate of 1963 said, "Until my junior year all the girls wore socks with loafers. All at once everybody stopped wearing socks." Girls had a variety of hairstyles. While some girls wore short hair with a "flip" on the ends, others had the teased hair bouffant, which was long, straight, and flipped up. Graduate Sherry Craze commented, "Sometimes you wore a small bow on the side of your hair." Boys of the time period also wore clothes similar to those of the fifties. They had mainly short hair that was slicked back with gel, but longer hair was also coming into style. Facial hair was not unusual either. Slacks and blue jeans were still not considered appropriate for school (Tedwards, Rosalind).

Group dating was prominent throughout the sixties also. According to Greenville High graduate of 1969, Cely Smith, "Girls would wear the boy’s fraternity pin or athletic jacket or senior ring" and were considered "pinned" if they were dating a boy seriously. Teenagers tended to spend time at the Clock and Pete’s. The drive-in movies, such as the Palmetto Drive In, were also a prominent "hot spot" for teen activity. Some students even went bowling or roller skating on their weekend nights.
Sorority and fraternity parties also seemed to attract the high school students. The main high school events, however, were the sports events. Most of the student body supported their fellow classmates at the ballgames. The rivalries between Greenville and Parker and also Greenville and Wade Hampton always drew a crowd. Decorating Sirrine Stadium for these events brought excitement to the students of Greenville High. These rivalries were very important and were always celebrated with a pep rally to hype up the students before the big game. The Greenville-Parker game was always played on Thanksgiving and was considered the "big game." Right before the game, the students would do the "snake dance" from GHS to Sirrine Stadium (Tedwards, Rosalind). Graduate Rosalind Tedwards told how important the sports events were by discussing the amount of people that attended these events. For instance, she said that Sirrine Stadium was always packed on the day of the Greenville-Parker game. Basketball games were played in the old Memorial Auditorium because they were so well attended. At one point during Tedwards’s attendance at Greenville High, Greenville High held the State Championship for every sport. She said, "I think it is probably hard to realize now how much GHS was Greenville’s high school. So many people attended high school there." Some major Greenville High School traditions were the famous pep rallies, Raiderama, and Nautilus Day. One year, there was an uproar that started because of a rumor, which was begun by the staff, that the name of the yearbook would be changed (Tedwards, Rosalind). Greenville High students cherished tradition.

Tedwards remembers the Greenville High dances held at the Greenville County Club and the Poinsett Hotel. Craze, however, says that Greenville did not have a prom while she was in high school. Integration had begun. Not many black students came, but the students had "never had ‘contact’ with another race on a personal basis." The administration was too worried to have a prom during this period of controversy. Craze, however, does state that there wasn’t much cruelty towards black students.

During the 1960’s, music switched from jazz to rock ‘n roll. Couples learned steps to dances, such as the Mashed Potato and the Twist. The Beach Boys were also very popular throughout the sixties. A four-man group from Liverpool, called the Beatles, brought "the latest soul and R&B records from the US" (Connikie, p. 36). They created a pop sensation that swept throughout the nation. Their success brought about groups such as the Rolling Stones, the Kinks, Manfred Mann, Herman’s Hermits, and The Who (Connikie, p. 36). Many black groups, such as The Temptations or The Supremes, were also successful, beginning Motown. One of the favorite movies of the time period was Breakfast at Tiffany’s. Musicals were also popular, such as The Sound of Music or Bye Bye Birdie (Lowery, Day).

The 1970’s

Writer Tom Wolfe called the 1970’s the "Me Decade". Many citizens became selfish and fought for a piece of the action, generating a great problem in the United States. Some political extremists and terrorists began criminal activities through terrorism. Nostalgia and a newfound interest in culture swept the nation, developing the major themes of the decade. Social, political, and environmental problems became the main focus of the United States. The energy crisis caused an increase in unemployment and world recession. Many liberal groups were formed, such as civil rights groups, gay liberation groups, and women’s movement groups. Environmentalists began to concentrate on ecology and anti-nuclear strategies. The demands for political recognition and independence became prominent. The world seemed smaller to most because of the new ways of transportation, including the first supersonic airplane. Overall, however, the United States became disgruntled with the actions of their president, Richard Nixon. On June 17, 1972, five men were arrested after attempting to remove bugging devices from the Democratic Nation Committee in the Watergate Building in Washington, DC. This scandal was traced to President Nixon and lasted for several years. Nixon resigned before he could be impeached because of his actions. His vice president Gerald Ford took his place in the White House and gave him a complete pardon for federal crimes. The Vietnam War that had raged throughout the sixties also came to an end in 1972 with a cease-fire between the United States and North Vietnam (Herald, p. 5-59).

The dress of the seventies did not appear all that different from the sixties. Most girls wore hip-hugger pants with bell-bottoms or straight leg blue jeans. Short skirts were quite prominent, but they had to be fingertip length for school or they were considered inappropriate (Howard, Jeannie). Graduate of 1973, Lynn Hopple said, "Your parents took care of inappropriate dress." Rebellious girls did not shave their underarms or legs and oftentimes did not wear a bra (Herald, p. 10). Some girls wore shirts that stopped at the midriff, where the belly button was showing (Knapp, Elizabeth). Most girls had longer hair that was straight and parted in the middle. The "shag" cut was also popular (Howard, Jeannie). Girls wore dark blue eye shadow with bright red fingernail polish. Most high school boys wore dress shirts with bell-bottoms. Boys wore long straight hair, normally shoulder length. Some boys had "really big "fros," as graduate Elizabeth Knapp commented.

Similar to previous years, most Greenville High students "double dated" unless they were an established couple. According to Greenville High graduate of 1973, Linda Williams, "You didn’t go together until you had dated for a long time." Williams stated that "girls never called boys." Most attended the school functions, such as ballgames or dances. Students placed "bids" on each other before major dances that were held at the Poinsett Hotel (Knapp, Elizabeth). Many students were also involved in the high school sororities and fraternities. Sorority and fraternity parties were the place to be on weekend nights. Most students went to the ARD, or the Augusta Road Drive-In. After school, everyone crowed into places such as Campbell’s Pharmacy or Pete’s on Augusta Road. Jeannie Howard states, "Except girls couldn’t go in Pete’s. They had to stay in their cars.  Only the ‘sluts’ went inside." Graduate of 1977, Elizabeth Knapp, says one of her favorite high school activities was "cruising in ‘Mann Land’". While some students spent their weekends drinking with fellow students, others attended functions such as Young Life. The main Greenville High traditions of the seventies would be Raiderama and "Mooning in Moonville," where students drove to Moonville and "mooned" those they passed, according to graduates Elizabeth Knapp and Jeannie Howard. Every Friday, Students also dressed in red and white in honor of Greenville High.

A new type of music hit the seventies called "glam rock." This described the type of performance that brought glamour onto the stage. Favorites of the time include Bryan Ferry and Roxy Music, David Bowie, Rod Stewart, Mark Bolan, and Elton John. This new type of music toyed with sexual innuendo. Hard rock also arose throughout these years, with singers such as Led Zeppelin or Queen. Most students enjoyed the music of the Doobie Brothers, but still held on to the music of the Beatles from the sixties. The punk style was also prominent. Singer Alice Cooper worked simulated killings into his performances in 1972 (Herald, p. 44). New shows and movies, such as The Rocky Horror Picture Show and Star Wars swept the nation. In 1977, John Travolta starred in Saturday Night Fever, bringing disco to the United States. He also starred in Grease, an all-time American favorite.

The 1980’s

After the wildness of previous decades, a decade of seriousness arose in the 1980’s. The decade did not begin on this note, however. The punk rock attitude was still prominent, but 1980 had toned down the punk style. The overall mood of the United States was "whimsical and soft." This mood began to evolve throughout the decade. The "yuppie" generation became a symbol of the 1980’s, with well-tailored young people working hard for wealth. The election of Ronald Reagan as US president brought about a new decade that thought highly of making money and dressing well. The youth of the United States no longer dominated because of the decrease in numbers due to the birth control pill. The decade opened with a series of violent conflicts across the region. The easing of the conflict between the United States and the USSR helped calm many of the other regional conflicts, mainly in Southeast Asia and southern Africa. This act of "Reaganomics" brought about the Conservative Era in the United States, where most of the United States desired to let the rest of the world deal with their own problems (Carnegy, p. 5-59).

Throughout the 1980’s, the style of dress changed greatly from that in earlier years. The look became more contemporary and lenient in schools, where students were allowed to wear shorts and blue jeans along with tennis shoes. Boys began to care more about their appearances than in previous years, improving their tans and choice of clothing. The controversy over men’s underwear also arose in the eighties, debates of boxer shorts, bikini briefs, and jockey shorts. The overall look was "smoother and more refined" (Carnegy, p. 19). More hair products and makeup were sold to teenage girls. These girls also adapted male clothing to their benefit, wearing men’s shirts and jackets to look more official. Towards the end of the eighties, clothing evolved from the ordinary colors of black and white to pastel pinks and blues oftentimes covered with fringes and beads. Ripped jeans and short skirts were also seen throughout the halls of Greenville High. According to the Greenville High News on April 12, 1985, "The newest style is the ‘mini" – falling between the mid-thigh and knee…if you are daring and uninhibited."

Most Greenville High students enjoyed double dating to help cut expenses and those first date jitters. "The first date can be very awkward, so most said that they liked being with a lot of people on their first date" (Greenville High News, Feb. 25, 1983). Some students however enjoyed being alone with their dates in order to get to know them better. Similar to previous years, most girls allowed boys to be "the leader" in dating situations, leaving them with the responsibility of calling and paying. According to the Greenville High News on February 25, 1983, however, "The majority of guys at GHS feel that it is acceptable for a girl to call them for no reason." One graduate said, "The Equal Rights Bill has not passed, so why go ‘dutch,’" when asked about sharing expenses on dates. Most students visited restaurants like Steak ‘n Ale, Albertos, My Apartment, Red Lobster, and the Peddler on expensive dates, such as prom. School events also held a lot of interest for Greenville High students. The celebration of "spirit week" united the entire school during homecoming week. There were various days where the students had to dress up, ranging from Triplet Day to students dressing up in togas and as gangsters. The week was always ended with a pep rally, including the annual spirit contest and the announcement of the winner of the barrel of pennies contest. After the homecoming football game, a dance was held in the GHS cafeteria. In 1983, music was provided by WANS radio, and the cafeteria was filled with red and white streamers. Most students attended these functions and had a lot of fun dancing with fellow students and even teachers (Greenville High News, October 28, 1983).

The music industry went through drastic changes at the beginning of the 1980s. "The beginning of the decade saw a fantastic peacock look in some quarters, drawing very much on the early nineteenth-century dandy with the use of silks and velvets" (Carnegy, p.18). Singers, such as Boy George, Prince, and Michael Jackson, used large amounts of makeup and had wild hairstyles. "Adam and the Ants reflected the mood perfectly with the video of their 1981 hit single ‘Stand and Deliver’" (Carnegy, p. 28). Rock ‘n Roll, music of the sixties and seventies, continued to be prominent throughout the eighties. "In 1989, Bob Dylan, The Rolling Stones, The Who, The Beach Boys, and Paul McCartney were all touring and releasing new albums" (Carnegy, p. 52). Greenville High students enjoyed the music of all of these recorders. A section of the Greenville High News was devoted to "Rock News" where students wrote of the happenings in the music industry.

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